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NVC is a non-invasive vision correction technology based on breakthroughs in the field of visual neuroscience. NVC leverages discoveries in adult neural plasticity and in our understanding of the neural connections responsible for vision (see references) Neural plasticity relates to the ability of the nervous system to adapt to changed conditions, sometimes after injury or stroke, but more commonly in acquiring new skills. Brain plasticity has been demonstrated in many basic tasks1, with evidence pointing to physical modifications in the adult cortex during repetitive performance1,2. Several studies demonstrate the plasticity of neural interactions resulting from repetitive performance of specific visual tasks leading to improved visual performance. The improved visual functions, like skill learning, were retained after 3 years of retesting. Both an increased range of neuronal excitatory interactions3 and reduced inhibition4 were observed in subjects with normal vision, and in monkeys5. These studies3,6 point to activity-dependent plasticity of the visual cortex, where the specific connections activated throughout repetitive performance are modified, leading to improved performance. The human visual system is a highly sophisticated optical processing mechanism, initiating with the cornea and lens conducing the formation of an image on the retina. However, not all components imaged on the retina are equally perceived; some are constrained by the efficiency of neural processing. Cortical cells (neurons) are highly specialized and optimized as image analyzers, so they respond only to a limited range of parameters (filters) of the visual image such as orientation, location in the visual field and spatial frequency7. Thus, to characterize an image, visual processing involves the cooperative activity of many neurons, these neuronal interactions contributing both excitation and inhibition. REFERENCES: ARTICLES IN SCIENTIFIC AND MEDICAL JOURNALS 1. Polat U., Sagi D. (1993) Lateral interactions between spatial channels: suppression and facilitation revealed by lateral masking experiments. Vision Res., 33(7), 993-999. 2. Polat U., Sagi D. (1994) The architecture of perceptual interactions. Vision Res., 34(1), 73-78. 3. Polat U., Sagi D. (1994) Spatial interactions in human vision: from near to far via experience-dependent cascades of connections. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 91, 1206-1209. 4. Polat U., Norcia A.M. (1995) Neurophysiological evidence for long range facilitation in normal, but not amblyopic, human visual cortex. Vision Science and Its Applications, Vol. 1, Opt. Soc. Am. Technical Digest, pp. 228-231. 5. Polat U., Norcia A.M. (1996) Neurophysiological evidence for contrast dependent long range facilitation and suppression in the human visual cortex. Vision Res., 36, pp. 2099-2109. 6. Levi D.M., Polat U. (1996) Neural plasticity in adults with amblyopia. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 93, pp. 6830-6834. 7. Polat U., Sagi D., Norcia A.M. (1997) Abnormal long-range spatial
interactions in amblyopia. Vision Res., 37, pp. 737-744. |
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